أثر المشروعات العمرانية والبيئية فى توطين البدو وتغيير نمط الحياة فى منطقة غياثى بدولة الإمارات

 

It has been concluded that the environment and the construction development projects have its great effect on the settlement of the nomads in the United Arab Emirates. Consequently, the plants of the settlement of the nomads have become a part of the development and modernization efforts particularly, after the era of the development  .

Therefore, we can explicitly see that the United Arab Emirates is one of the first Arab countries that did the best to settle the nomads. However, the country's interest in the settlement of the nomads has recently increased relatively due to the modernization of the country in 1970 and the relevant provision of the financial resources to conduct the comprehensive development plants because of the discovery of the oil and its production in 1963. More over, the settlement of the nomads has become one of the social priorities of the united country in the oil era.

There are many justifications that increase the importance of the settlement of nomads in the United Arab Emirates such as integration of nomads into economic development process as manpower participants in the main constructions of the country. Another justification for the necessity of the settlement of the nomads in the country is the social development to provide them with the opportunities of having benefits from the modern services, that the country provides for the citizen, for instance, health, security, and education services etc. Accordingly, the country will be able to raise the nomad's economic and civil standard of living in order to change their life into a modern one that is characterized by its proper housing, health care and cultural services. In addition to these, it is aimed at integrating them into the modern political life. Thus, one can see the great effect of the environmental and construction projects on the settlement of the nomads in the United Arab Emirates that can be regarded as one of the most pronounced feature of changing the united Arab Emirates from being a traditional society into a modern society.

 

SUMMARY

The importance of the study:

The study is of a great importance since it indicates effectiveness of the environmental and construction projects on the settlement of the nomads and the social, cultural, economic, and political changes on these effects.

The study will show what to do as individuals along with the government to continue the settlement of the nomads, because of its importance in constructing a developed society by changing behaviors of the society and conducting unprecedented social reform as well as the application of the social and economic development process.

Such process aims at changing of nomads behavior that increase the nomad's abilities to benefit from his human capacities and agricultural resources to create an integral society to achieve adequate standard of social and economic welfare, since the settlement of the nomads is considered as one of the developmental programs that has great interest in rescuing the nomad life from poverty and conflicts.

In addition to this, cultivating the farm land and educating and training the nomads to practice a variety of jobs will bring them and their community abundant well being.

The study inquiries:

The study is based on a main hypothesis and several sub-hypotheses.

First, the main hypothesis:

The change of one the components of the society system must be followed by a subsequent change in the other components. For instance, the environmental and construction projects that conducted in Gayasey region must be followed by a relevant change in the other social, cultural and economic fields etc.

Second, the sub hypotheses are:

1 - What are the most important construction projects that conducted in "Gayasey region"?

2 - What are the features of environmental changes that occurred in "Gayasey region"?

3 - What are the features of changes related to the construction projects that occurred in the various aspects of quality of life.

METHODOLOGY

1 - The community of the study:

This study deals with Gayasey region in the United Arab Emirates>

2 - The study population:

The researcher carried out this study through the social survey; where a sample of 110 persons (males and females) has been selected.

Method of research:

The researcher applied a relevant method which is the social survey.

The research tools:

1 - Questionnaire.

2 - The spontaneous and random interviews.

METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS

The researcher has applied the relevant statistical methods appropriate for the nature of the data and the requirements of the study.

RESULTS

The results of the study has shown the following:

1 - The individuals of the study sample varied between 4.40% employees, 20.7% students, 13.5% home wives, 9% marketing directors, 2.70 managerial and 4.50 teachers, 2.7% retired, 2.7% recruited, 0.9% computer, 0.9% businessmen, 3.6% physicians, 0.90% school headmasters, 0.9% unemployed.

2 - The study illustrated the educational standard rise of the individuals of the sample, it was found that there was 52.7% academic education, then the remaining percentage reduced between primary, reads and writes, and illiterate.

3 - The study proved that about 82.8% of the sample's individuals are married and 17.3% are unmarried.

4 - The study demonstrated the location of the individuals in Ghiathy area in Emirates where 18.1% are located in Ghiathy and about 27.2% in Abou-Zabi, 27.2% in Qatar, 18.1% in Egypt and % in Leo.

5 - The study proved that the construction projects settled in Ghithany are about 42.7% farmlands, 30% paving desert roads, and 27.3% means of transportation.

6 - As for the most important construction and projects are 13.7% industries, 0.20% water for agriculture, 0.7% mosques, 10.5% gardens and parks, 1.4% transportation, 0.4% courts, 0.4% police, 13.2% school, 7.8% universities, 3.% special in situations, 2.2% handicapped schools 2.7% wedding halls, 1.4% restaurants, 3.4% luxuries, and 1.2% peace.

7 - 82.7% see that building hsape has changed while 17.3% see that it has not.

8 - 10.9% see that the positivity of this change of building shape is the increase in the number of housings, other see that this positivity of change is the means of transportation.

9 - 2.7% see that one of the most important negatives of this changement is the neglect of maintenance operations, 1.8% see overpopulation as the most important negatives, 1.8% see it as the family separation. 0.9% reduction in hospital equipment.

10- The study proved that they had occupied certain careers before establishing these projects. These careers were 8.2% in the field of agriculture, 69.1% in pastutage, 15.7% in handmade works, 4.5% in trade, 2.2% in other jobs.

11- Whereas the jobs which they occupy after establishing these projects are 45.2% in trade, 14.5% in agriculture, 17.5% handmade works, 12% employees, 6% in pasturage, 40% in industry, and 0.5% other jobs.

12- The study has shown also that the nomadic family has prevented the idea of depending entirely on males as it was the prevailed belief before, the thing that indicates the cultural changement where the female obtained her own right in social life, work and participation.

13- As for the preferred jobs for woman were as fellow 72.7% in medicine, 10.2% jobs practiced at home, too for banks, 1.1% for police force.

14- As for the distance between work and home we find that 54.5% inhabit near their work, 8.1% are for from work, and 2.7% in other places.

15- As for providing means of transportation there are about 55.4% who suffer from the shortage in transportation and 44.6% don’t confess with this problem as.

16- For health awareness, it has been creased as a result of increasing the number of hospitals and health units, 86.3% of the individuals of the sample confessed.

17- As for the degree of income adequacy for family demands 54.5% confessed that their income suffices al their demands but 43.6% confessed that their income doesn't.

18- As for the plenty of work opportunities within Ghithany are 83.6% confessed that there was much of work opportunities and about 16.4% had the opinion that there was no opportunities.

19- The study proved that about 55.5% had opinion that the settled projects in Ghithany had contributed tindoubtedly in using new methods in their works, this indicates the withdraw of practicing pasturage somewhat, it indicates also the encouragement of practicing other professions including establishing farms and using new means.

20- The sample individuals confessed that contruction and environment project set in Ghithany have contributed the process of nomads settlement in the area as a result of providing means of transportation and establishing many schools, hospitals and medical centers, and creating work opportunities.

21- As for educational establishments adequacy, 72.3% don't see this shortage.

22- The study proved the care of 98.1% of parents for educating their children. This shows the degree of changement happened in nomad culture which is rising the hand of education and not to differentiate between males and females in their education.

23- The study showed that 55.5% agree with marrying relatives while 44.5% certified that marrying relatives is an undesirable matter and they refaced it. Their refusal belongs to their regard which is represented in weakness of offspring and infecting it with diseases. The disharmony between the couples may lead to problems the result of which the gap of separation between the couples may lead to problems the result of which the gap of separation between family members widens. These results indicate that some nomads had' abandoned some of their customs or traditions concerning a marry relatives which they inherited from their for fathers, but in a limited way.

24- The study proved, that 57.3% have family stability while about 42.7% have not.

25- As for stable families, 33.3% stated that the cause of stability is understanding; 11.1% as scribe this to culture convergence, 4.7% a scribe this to sufficient income, 1.5% a scribe it to the high estimation between the couples, and about 9.5% state that the reason is stability.

26- As for family problem that the nomadic family in the area faced, about 19.5% owing to traditions, 28% because of tribal fanaticism, 14.5% because of early marriage of tile female 10% conflict after pasturage areas, 1.8% because of tile disappearance of understanding, 7.5% marrying from tile cousin, and 3% because of diminishing religious awareness.

27- About tile percentage of visits which the family make to their relatives are as follows, 55.4% few visits, 31.8% average percentage of visits, 9% make no visits, 8.1% the percentage of their visits is large.

28- The study proved that about 55.45% prefer neighboring near relatives, about 26.7% prefer neighboring friends, and 0.9% prefer neigh-boring, their kills.

29- The study showed that there were amicability and visitation between their families and other or others. This was mentioned by 93.6% of sample individuals which shows tile existence of social climate suitable for those nomads, and tile existence of social harmony between them.

30- About nomads aspiration to improve their economic and social life in the area is as follow, 40.9% establishing markets, 13.6% reinforcing peace, 98% establishing school, 36.3% establishing hospitals.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS

1 - The study recommends directing studies and academic researches towards caring to 'social field studies especially those concerning nomadic family because of tile clear rarity which we have found in this field.

2 - The study recommends tile state to seek establishing service centers whether it was healthful or cultural services with industrial and commercial institutions it has ill spreading social a wariness in laborers.

3 - The study recommends that the state would direct economic policies to establishing industrial economic projects in Ghiathy area.

4 - The study recommends tile institution of family organization in harmonization with other ministries to seek setlinghethful and cultural campaigns within commercial and industrial institutions for spreading healthful awareness concerning family organization problem.