نموذج مقترح لتفعيل الابتكار في المنظمات الإنتاجية في ظل منهجية النظم

ملخص الدراسة:

نظراً للاتجاه المتزايد إلى الحاجة إلى الابتكار في ظل التغيرات المتلاحقة على الصعيد العالمي، قامت الباحثة بتكوين نموذج لتفعيل الابتكار بالمنظمات في ضوء مفهوم النظم و الذي ينظر للمنظمة نظرة متكاملة و اشتمل النموذج على العناصر التي وجدت الباحثة من خلال الدراسات السابقة و الدراسة التطبيقية أنها ذات تأثير على تفعيل الابتكار بالمنظمات.

2- مشكلة البحث :

هل هناك متغيرات قد لا يهتم بها سواء من جانب الإدارة أو من جانب العاملين مما يؤدي إلى ضعف تأثير الأساليب والنظم المطبقة في مواجهة متطلبات الابتكار ؟، وهل التركيز على هذه المتغيرات يمكن أن يؤدي إلى تفعيل العملية الابتكارية؟ وكيف يمكن الاستفادة من مدخل النظم في تحقيق هذا الهدف ؟

3- فروض البحث :

أمكن للباحثة صياغة فروض البحث من خلال مفهوم النظم وذلك كما يلي:

     الفروض الخاصة بالمدخلات :

1- مجموعة الفروض المتعلقة بالموارد البشرية :

1/1 توجد علاقة جوهرية بين توفر السلوكيات الايجابية في الموارد البشرية وتفعيل الابتكار0

وقد تم تقسيم هذا الفرض المحوري الي الفروض الفرعية التالية :

  1 /1/1 توجد علاقة جوهرية بين تباين دوافع العاملين وتفعيل

   الابتكار.

1/1/2 توجد علاقة جوهرية بين المهارات الابتكارية للعاملين وتفعيل الابتكار."

"Amgad Gaber Alsaid Salem

أمجد جابر السعيد سالم"  "دراسة تركيبية للمهبل في الفار الابيض اثناء الدورة الودقية(الاستروس) و في الفئران المسنة

Structural study of the vagina of albino rat during the estrous cycle and in the aged rats"       Ain Shams University    Medicine Anatomy M    2007      92  "Prof. Dr. Fatma Ibrahim Khalil Elrakhawy

Professor of Anatomy

Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University

Dr. Hemmat Abdelkader Abdelhamid

 Assistant Professor of Anatomy

Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University

Dr. Azza Kamal Abou Hussein

Assistant Professor of Anatomy

Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University"                  "Summary

Female rats were considered to be polyestrous, with each estrous cycle lasting from four to six days. The estrous cycle was divided into four phases, proestrous, estrous, metestrous and diestrous. The reproductive organs of female rats showed cyclic changes influenced by pituitary and ovarian hormones as in human. Therefore, the present study was performed to demonstrate the cyclic changes in the structure of the vagina of adult female albino rats.

Twenty adult female rats weighing 175-250 gm were used in this study. Vaginal smears were taken daily from each animal to identify the different phases of the estrous cycle. Smears were stained with PAP stain and based on its cellular contents five rats from each phase of the cycle were used. During the proestrous the vaginal smear was characterized by the predominance of nucleated epithelial cells. Estrous smears showed predominance of cornified cells, while in the metestrous cornified cells predominated and leucocytes appeared in the smear. In diestrous, the leucocytes constituted the view in the smear.

Vaginal specimens from cycling rats were subjected to light and scanning electron microscopic examination. The vagina of adult rat during the proestrous phase was formed of thick, non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with frequent mitotic figures among the basal layer and minimal secretory activity in the superficial layer. Using the scanning electron microscope, the surface of the vagina showed longitudinal folds and the cells had well defined borders with few secretory blebs.

During the estrous phase laminated keratins appeared on the surface of the vaginal epithelium which was markedly increased in thickness. Also, the vaginal epithelium showed increased mitotic figures and no secretory activity. The lamina propria showed focal leucocytic aggregates, however leucocytes were not seen penetrating the epithelium. The surface of the vagina was covered by flat epithelial casts overlapping each other like shingles. The casts showed evidence of desquamation and the epithelial cell surface showed microridges.

The characteristic change in the metestrous phase was the extensive leucocytic infiltration of the thin vaginal epithelium together with focal areas of increased secretory activity of the superficial layer. The lamina propria showed extensive diffuse and aggregated leucocytic infiltrations. Congested blood vessels were prominent in the vaginal wall especially in the lamina propria. The surface of the vagina showed pavement-like appearance of the epithelial cells.

However, the vagina during the diestrous phase, showed relatively thin vacuolated epithelium with markedly increased secretory activity. Cells on the vaginal surface have cobblestone-like appearance, and secretory vesicles extruded in between the cells.

      Urogenital aging are progressive and variable conditions that occurs in postmenopausal women as a consequence of both estrogen deprivation and tissue aging. Menopausal women experience troublesome symptoms denoting atrophic changes of the vagina as dryness, vaginal itching, discharge and pain. Accordingly, the aim of this work was to study the structure of the vagina of senile albino rats. Five senile female rats at the age of 24 months and weighing 350-500 gm were used in this study. Senile rats were in the persistent diestrous state, as evident by daily vaginal smear.

 The vagina of senile rats showed thin irregular stratified squamous epithelium infiltrated with leucocytes with focal areas of sloughing. The lamina propria showed areas of hyaline degeneration, and the musculosa was markedly atrophied with increased deposition of collagenous fibers. The surface of the vagina was covered by mucous and the surface of the cells showed few secretory blebs. 

In conclusion, the estrous cycle was associated with definitive morphological changes in the vaginal epithelium of adult female rats. Furthermore, the vagina of senile rats showed atrophic changes as compared to those of the adult, and these changes involved all layers of the vagina."

Laila Ismail Hashem     "Methods and techniques of evaluating English language for primary school pupils an evaluative study

طرق واساليب تقويم اللغه الانجليزيه لتلاميذ المرحله الابتدائيه"         Cairo      Institute of educational Studies      Curriculum and Methods of Teaching   M.Sc      1999      162 *                Evaluation - as a value judgement of pupils achievement in fifth year primary - implies many important meanings that play a major role in the eductional process at the primary stage. The researcher has introduced the following main question: to what extent do the current test questions of English language used at the end of two terms in fifth year primary test the objectives of teaching English? Consequently, a new gradings and percentage distribution has been proposed for the suggested procedure which corresponds to a great extent with the communicative approach recommended for use at our schools, and the intended communicative tests based on the actual communication and the real interaction among examiners and examiness or among teachers and pupils.

Mohamed Danish Ismail Mohamed Arafa    "Static and dynamic analysis narrow tall buildings (flexural-shear plante)

التحليل الاستاتيكي والديناميكي للمنشات العاليه ذات الابعاد المحدوده (الواح الانحناء - القص)"       Cairo      Engineering    Engineering Mechanics  M.Sc      2004      *      *                *

Rasmia Abd El Sattar Ali      "Nutritional status of primary school children in Cairo governoate

الحاله الغذائيه لاطفال المدارس الابتدائي في محافظه القاهره"         Ain Shams     Nursing      Community Health Nursing   M.Sc      2004      *    "Dr. Nawal Mahmoud Soliman

Dr. Sabah Abd El Mobdy Radwan

Dr. Seham Guirguis Ragheb.